Alternative energy sources Best answer on the web
January 9, 2009 on 7:26 am | In mybachcars.com |
Alternative energy sources Best answer on the web --Bobbie7
From the Department of Energy - Budget 2004:
Alternative sources of energy
Hydrogen Technology
Solar Energy
Wind Energy
Hydropower
Geothermal Technology
Biomass and Bio refinery Systems
Zero Energy Buildings
Hydrogen Technology:
?Develop hydrogen production, storage, and delivery technologies that are more energy efficient, leaner, safer, and lower in cost. The long-term aims to accelerate progress toward an energy future for the Nation where hydrogen plays a more significant role as an energy carrier in all sectors of the economy and all regions of the country. The program supports the new Freedom Fuel initiative.?
Solar Energy:
?Develop lower cost, higher performance, more reliable solar energy systems for the production of electricity, space heat and hot water. Activities include more efficient photovoltaic (PV) materials and cell devices, lower-cost thin-film PV technologies, improved manufacturing and large-area processing, and more reliable PV modules and systems as part of an industry-led research effort. Solar thermal activities are focused on cooperative industry efforts to reduce costs and effectively use advanced solar technology for water heating and space heat.?
Wind Energy:
?Develop in partnership with industry low wind-speed technology to allow wind power to be cost-competitive in more prevalent, lower-wind resources areas, and support related technology base advances.?
Hydropower:
?Continue development of turbine systems to address the primary environmental issues associated with licensing and sustaining hydropower production.?
Geothermal Technology:
?Continue development of an enhanced geothermal system that will allow the broader use of geothermal energy throughout the western United States and conduct cooperative research with industry to reduce the cost of geothermal development and to identify new resources.?
Biomass and Biorefinery Systems:
?Continue R&D to achieve further reductions in the costs of bio-based products and biofuels production and to develop high-efficiency thermochemical and biochemical conversion technologies.?
Zero Energy Buildings:
?Develop affordable zero energy homes, which produce as much energy as they use on an annual basis. ZEB activities include partnering with industry to evaluate and monitor first generation ZEB homes, developing whole house energy controller, and developing modeling tools and technology to optimize and integrate energy systems. This year, ZEB activities begin a transition into the Building Program under the Energy Conservation account.?
The purpose of Energy Supply Research and Development activities is to develop new energy technologies and improve existing energy technologies. Included in this mission are basic and applied research and targeted programs in technology development.
Budget 2004
Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)
Hydrogen technology ................................ 88
Solar energy ...................................... 80
Zero energy buildings .............................. 4
Wind energy ........................................ 42
Hydropower ......................................... 7
Geothermal technology .............................. 25
Biomass and biorefinery systems R&D ................ 70
Intergovernmental activities ....................... 12
Electric reliability ............................... 77
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Budget 2004
http://www.mbe.doe.gov/budget/04budget/content/appendix/doe.pdf
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From the Department of Energy - Budget 2003:
Biopower
?Biopower R&D activities will increase the testing, verification, and demonstration of the component systems of cost-effective and efficient biomass gasification combined-cycle systems from 0 percent in 2000 to 75 percent in 2006.?
Biofuels
?Biofuels R&D activities will reduce the production cost of cellulose-based ethanol to $1.20 per gallon by 2005, and to $1.07 per gallon in by 2010.?
Geothermal Energy
?Geothermal Energy R&D activities will result in twice as many States with geothermal electric power facilities.?
Hydrogen
?Hydrogen R&D activities will demonstrate a conversion technology that will improve the cost of hydrogen production from natural gas from $3.75 per kilogram in 2000, when produced in large quantities, to $2.50 per kilogram in 2006.?
Hydropower
?Hydropower R&D activities will ensure commercialization of a fish passage technology capable of reducing turbine-induced fish mortality to 2 percent or less by 2010 in new fish-friendly turbines.?
Wind Energy
?Wind Energy R&D activities will provide the technologies to reduce the cost of wind powered electricity generation in Class 4 wind areas (13 mph annual average) from 5.5 cents per kilowatthour in 2002 to 3 cents per kilowatt-hour by 2010.?
Solar Technologies
?Solar Technologies R&D will reduce the price paid for a photovoltaic system by the end user (including operation and maintenance costs) from a median value of $6.25 per Watt in 2000 to $4.50 per Watt in 2006 (equivalent to reducing from $0.25 to $0.18 per kilowatt hour).?
High Temperature Superconductivity
?High Temperature Superconductivity (HTS) R&D activities will develop HTS wire capable of carrying 100 times the power of comparable copper wire ? with zero electrical resistance by 2007.?
Distributed Energy Systems
?Distributed Energy Storage Technology R&D activities will increase the share of new distributed energy electricity-generating capacity from 5 percent in 2000 to 7 percent in 2005.?
See funding on page 25 -27 of the following publication.
http://www.mbe.doe.gov/budget/03budget/content/es/renewabl.pdf
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Graphs:
Federal Renewable Energy Research and Development Appropriations, Fiscal Years 1978-1999 (Billion 1999 Dollars) http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/servicerpt/subsidy/images/figure_6.jpg
Federal Funding for Energy-Related Research and Development by Program, Fiscal Years 1992 and 1999 (Million 1999 Dollars) http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/servicerpt/subsidy/table_8.html
Additional information:
Read an informative overview of federal energy research and development at the following link: http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/servicerpt/subsidy/research.html
Search criteria:
Alternative energy
Renewable energy research
Renewable energy research billion OR million expenditures OR spending government
Federal energy R&D
I hope you find this information useful!
Best regards,
Bobbie7
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